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this morning's program will be opened by

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the singing of the national anthem

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followed by the invocation to be given

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let us pray Almighty God we stand before

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thee as thy children should

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acknowledging our dependence upon thee

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and our gratitude genuine comfort and

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challenge we profess before all men our

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trust in thee and pray that thou shalt

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bless our nation our president and all

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others whom we in freedom have chosen to

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govern us granted by benediction that

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our spirits may be steadfast in

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righteousness is faithful in truth so

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may we through the might of science

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conquer space and in the light of thy

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spirit conquer evil within ourselves and

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in our world that we may more perfectly

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serve thee and where they lay magnify

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as president of Rice University it is my

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honor to welcome you to this auspicious

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occasion this is our semi centennial

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year and I declare this to be the

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opening event of that year I cannot

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imagine a more illustrious opening than

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this one with the President of the

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United States speaking on the subject

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science and space rice University has

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emphasized science in its program for 50

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years many important scientific

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discoveries have been made here an

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interdisciplinary research program and

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the science of solid materials was

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initiated at Rice under a grant from the

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National Aeronautics and Space

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Administration in 1959 we also have an

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important program in nuclear physics in

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association with the Atomic Energy

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Commission and other things in this area

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teamwork between the universities and

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the federal government is essential for

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our national security and welfare and we

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at Rice University pledge ourselves to

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continued cooperation and to expansion

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of our science programs to meet the

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needs of tomorrow mr. president I would

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like to introduce to you the class of

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1966 of Rice University sitting directly

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before you as has been noted in the

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public press the academic qualifications

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of this class are outstanding these

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students have come early for an

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orientation program and we are most

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honored to officially appoint you mr.

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president a visiting professor of Rice

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I take pride also in presenting to you

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35,000 students from Houston schools and

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colleges both public and private that

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are assembled to hear you here today you

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now it is my privilege to recognize

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quickly just a few of our honored guests

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I say just a few because we must be

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brief and we have so many distinguished

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guests on this platform first the mayor

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of Houston with whom it has been a real

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pleasure to cooperate in this and many

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other activities for the development of

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second the chief official of Harris

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County our distinguished County Judge

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next is a new Houston resident but one

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who is already very much a part of our

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community our distinguished director of

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the manned spacecraft laboratory mr.

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mr. president I want also wish to

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present now our most distinguished

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Houstonian scientist member of your

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National Science Foundation board

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president of the American Physical

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Society my good friend and predecessor

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is president of this University dr.

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and now turning to the level of the

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state government it is my great pleasure

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to present for your recognition governor

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traveling with the president are many

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high officials of executive agencies and

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we welcome them all I wish now to

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recognize an old personal friend

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distinguished physicist the top

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scientists of our military department

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the director of defense research in

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next May I welcome the protector of your

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tax dollars the director of the Bureau

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next is a man whose role is particularly

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significant in view of today's subject

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the director of the new office of

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science and technology and science

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advisor to the president also a

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distinguished member of the National

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Academy of Sciences dr. Jerome B

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I can recognize only a few of many

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officials of the National Aeronautics

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and Space Administration that are

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present today first and foremost of

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course is the administrator of that

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agency alternating through the years

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successful business leadership and

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high-level public service as

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Undersecretary of state and as director

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of the Bureau of the budget he is now

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bringing all of his remarkable skills of

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leadership and management to the service

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of our nation in this most urgent

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program in space it is with particular

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pleasure that I present the Honorable

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James Eve Webb may I also present the

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associate administrator of NASA dr.

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there's also a most appropriate that we

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recognize the director of manned space

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we're also privileged to have a very

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distinguished visitor from Great Britain

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the chief scientific advisor to Prime

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Minister Macmillan sir Sally's Duck

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it is now my privilege to introduce the

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members of Congress accompanying the

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president today it is a great pleasure

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to present the chairman of the science

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and Astronautics Committee of the House

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of Representatives the Honorable George

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P Miller of California next we wish to

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cordially welcome the ranking Republican

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member of the Senate Committee on

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aeronautical and Space Science the

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now it is a particular privilege to

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present to you the representative from

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Houston now in his 13th term the

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chairman of the independent offices

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subcommittee of the Committee on

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Appropriations of the United States

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Congress and I add parenthetically that

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I appeared before this committee under

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his chairmanship for three years when I

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was director of research for the Atomic

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Energy Commission and I developed a

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great respect for his keen insight and

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devotion to the welfare of this nation

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but for my present position today I

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introduced as a very distinguished

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alumnus of Rice University

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it's certainly wonderful to be at home

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then no one could fill this stain like

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the president of the United States there

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and now it is a particular pleasure to

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present the vice president of the United

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States and chairman of the National

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Aeronautics and Space Council the

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Honorable Lyndon Johnson of our state of

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dr. pizza since his inauguration I have

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seen our president use his energy and

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his intelligence his personal warmth and

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his perception to try to make life in

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the United States more meaningful for

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everybody in many different ways and

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always to do what he believed was best

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for his country just as in other things

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he has put vigor and vitality into the

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space program and it is my great honor

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and privilege to be here today and to

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see the people of a leading space city

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give such a warm welcome to our

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before making my final presentation may

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I announce that after the president's

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address the benediction will be given

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without further announcement by rabbi

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Robert Ikon also may I remind the

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audience that you will remain in place

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until the president's party has left the

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stadium and now ladies and gentlemen the

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president Pizza mr. vice president

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governor congressman Thomas senator

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Wiley and Congressman Miller mr. Webb

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Bell scientists distinguished guests

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ladies and gentlemen I appreciate your

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president having made me an honorary

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visiting professor and I will assure you

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that my first lecture will be very brief

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I am delighted to be here and I'm

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particularly delighted to be here on

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this occasion we meet at a college noted

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for knowledge in a city noted for

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progress in a state noted for strength

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and we stand in need of all three four

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we meet in an hour of change and

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challenge in a decade of hope and fear

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in an age of both knowledge and

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ignorance the greater our knowledge

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increases the greater our ignorance

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unfolds despite the striking fact that

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most of the scientists that the world

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has ever known are alive and working

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today despite the fact that this

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nation's own scientific manpower is

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doubling every 12 years in a rate of

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growth more than three times that of our

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population as a whole

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despite that the vast stretches of the

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unknown and the unanswered and the

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unfinished still far outstrip our

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collective comprehension no man can

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fully grasp how far and how fast we have

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come but condense if you will the 50,000

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years of man's recorded history in a

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time span of but a half a century stated

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in these terms we know very little about

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the first 40 years

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except at the end of them advanced man

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had learned to use the skins of animals

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to cover them then about ten years ago

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under this standard man emerged from his

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caves to construct other kinds of

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Sheldon only five years ago man learned

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to write and use a cart with wheels

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Christianity began less than two years

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ago the printing press came this year

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and then less than two months ago during

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this whole 50-year span of human history

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the steam engine provided a new source

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of power

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Newton explored the meaning of gravity

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lies love electric lights and telephones

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and automobiles and airplanes became

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available only last week did we develop

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penicillin and television and nuclear

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power and now if America's new

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spacecraft succeeds in reaching Venus we

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will have literally reached the Stars

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before midnight tonight this is a

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breathtaking pace and such a pace cannot

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help but create new ills as it dispels

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old new ignorance new problems new

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dangers surely the opening vistas of

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space promise high costs and hardships

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as well as high reward so it is not

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surprising that some would have us stay

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where we are a little longer to rest -

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we bought this city of Houston this

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state of Texas this country of the

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United States was not built by those who

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waited and rested and wish to look

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this country was conquered by those who

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move forward and so will space William

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Bradford speaking in 1630 of the

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founding of the Plymouth Bay Colony said

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that all great and honourable actions

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are accompanied with great difficulties

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and both must be enterprise and overcome

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with answerable courage if this capsule

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history of our progress teaches us

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anything it is that man in his quest for

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knowledge and progress is determined and

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cannot be deterred the exploration of

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space will go ahead whether we join in

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it or not and it is one of the great

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adventures of all time and no nation

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which expects to be the leader of other

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nations can expect to stay behind in

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this race for space those who came

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before us made certain that this country

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rode the first waves of the Industrial

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Revolution the first waves of modern

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invention and the first wave of nuclear

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power and this generation does not

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intend to founder in the backwash of the

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coming age of space we mean to be a part

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for the eyes of the world now look into

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space to the moon and to the planets

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beyond and we have vowed that we shall

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not see it governed by a hostile flag of

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conquest but by a banner of freedom and

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peace we evolved that we shall not see

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space filled with weapons of mass

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destruction but with instruments of

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knowledge and understanding yet the vows

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of this nation can only be fulfilled if

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we in this nation are first and

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in short our leadership in science and

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industry our hopes for peace and

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security our obligations to ourselves as

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well as others all require us to make

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this effort to solve these mysteries to

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solve them for the good of all men and

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to become the world's leading

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spacefaring nation we set sail on this

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new sea because there is new knowledge

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to be gained and new rights to be won

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00:21:24,580 --> 00:21:21,030
and they must be won and used for the

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progress of all people for space science

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like nuclear science and all technology

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has no conscience of its own whether it

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will become a force for good or ill

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depends on man and only if the United

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States occupies a position of

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00:21:48,950 --> 00:21:45,570
preeminence can we help decide whether

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this new ocean will be a sea of peace or

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a new terrifying theater of war I do not

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say that we should or will go

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unprotected against the hostile misuse

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of space any more than we go unprotected

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against the hostile use of land or sea

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but I do say that space can be explored

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and nasty without feeding the fires of

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war without repeating the mistakes that

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00:22:21,710 --> 00:22:20,310
man is made in extending his writ around

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this globe of ours

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there is no strife no prejudice no

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national conflict in outer space as yet

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its hazards a hostile to us all its

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conquest deserves the best of all

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00:22:42,980 --> 00:22:39,390
mankind and its opportunity for peaceful

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00:22:46,730 --> 00:22:42,990
cooperation may never come again but why

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some say the moon I choose this as our

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00:22:52,100 --> 00:22:50,910
goal and they may well ask why climb the

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highest mountain

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why 35 years ago fly the Atlantic

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00:23:08,790 --> 00:22:59,860
why does Rice play Texas we choose to go

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00:23:13,830 --> 00:23:11,700
we choose to go to the moon in this

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decade and do the other things not

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00:23:20,670 --> 00:23:16,780
because they are easy but because they

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00:23:23,730 --> 00:23:20,680
are hard because that goal will serve to

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organize and measure the best of our

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00:23:28,200 --> 00:23:25,960
energies and skills because that

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challenge is one that we're willing to

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00:23:34,830 --> 00:23:31,150
accept one we are unwilling to postpone

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00:23:49,560 --> 00:23:34,840
and one we intend to win and the others

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00:23:52,620 --> 00:23:49,570
too it is for these reasons that I

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00:23:55,320 --> 00:23:52,630
regard the decision last year to shift

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00:23:57,990 --> 00:23:55,330
our efforts in space from low to high

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00:24:00,330 --> 00:23:58,000
gear as among the most important

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00:24:01,830 --> 00:24:00,340
decisions that will be made during my

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00:24:05,880 --> 00:24:01,840
incumbency in the office of the

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00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:05,890
presidency in the last 24 hours we have

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00:24:10,770 --> 00:24:08,890
seen facilities now being created for

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00:24:14,070 --> 00:24:10,780
the greatest and most complex

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00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:14,080
exploration in man's history we have

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00:24:20,010 --> 00:24:16,810
felt the ground shake and the air

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00:24:23,370 --> 00:24:20,020
shattered by the testing of a Saturn c1

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00:24:26,840 --> 00:24:23,380
booster rocket many times as powerful as

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00:24:29,880 --> 00:24:26,850
the Atlas which launched John glamour

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00:24:32,340 --> 00:24:29,890
generating power equivalent to 10,000

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00:24:35,910 --> 00:24:32,350
automobiles with their accelerator on

350
00:24:39,780 --> 00:24:35,920
the floor we have seen the site where

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00:24:42,780 --> 00:24:39,790
five f1 rocket engines each one as

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00:24:45,570 --> 00:24:42,790
powerful as all eight engines of the

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Saturn combine will be clustered

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together to make the advanced Saturn

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00:24:55,050 --> 00:24:52,150
missile assembled in a new building to

356
00:24:59,160 --> 00:24:55,060
be built at Cape Canaveral as tall as a

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48 story structure as wide as a city

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00:25:06,270 --> 00:25:02,830
block and as long as two lengths of this

359
00:25:09,570 --> 00:25:06,280
field within these last 19 months at

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00:25:12,390 --> 00:25:09,580
least 45 satellites have circled the

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00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:12,400
earth some 40 of them were made in the

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00:25:18,180 --> 00:25:15,010
United States of America and they were

363
00:25:19,560 --> 00:25:18,190
far more sophisticated and supplied far

364
00:25:21,840 --> 00:25:19,570
more knowledge to the P

365
00:25:29,480 --> 00:25:21,850
of the world than those of the Soviet

366
00:25:35,220 --> 00:25:32,820
the Meredith spacecraft now on its way

367
00:25:37,500 --> 00:25:35,230
to Venus is the most intricate

368
00:25:40,669 --> 00:25:37,510
instrument in the history of space

369
00:25:43,500 --> 00:25:40,679
science the accuracy of that shot is

370
00:25:46,019 --> 00:25:43,510
comparable to firing a missile from Cape

371
00:25:48,440 --> 00:25:46,029
Canaveral and dropping it in this state

372
00:25:50,970 --> 00:25:48,450
in between the 40-yard lines

373
00:25:54,899 --> 00:25:50,980
transit satellites are helping our ships

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00:25:56,460 --> 00:25:54,909
at sea to steer a safer course tyrus

375
00:25:59,549 --> 00:25:56,470
satellites have given us unprecedented

376
00:26:01,860 --> 00:25:59,559
warnings of hurricanes and storms and

377
00:26:05,850 --> 00:26:01,870
will do the same for forest fires and

378
00:26:08,159 --> 00:26:05,860
iceberg we have had our failure but so

379
00:26:15,750 --> 00:26:08,169
about us even if they do not admit them

380
00:26:22,200 --> 00:26:19,230
you'll be sure we are behind and we'll

381
00:26:25,620 --> 00:26:22,210
be behind for some time in man flight

382
00:26:28,530 --> 00:26:25,630
but we do not intend to stay behind and

383
00:26:36,350 --> 00:26:28,540
in this decade we shall make up and move

384
00:26:42,150 --> 00:26:39,470
the growth of our science and education

385
00:26:44,700 --> 00:26:42,160
will be enriched by new knowledge of our

386
00:26:46,890 --> 00:26:44,710
universe and environment by new

387
00:26:50,160 --> 00:26:46,900
techniques of learning and mapping and

388
00:26:53,220 --> 00:26:50,170
observation by new tools and computers

389
00:26:55,950 --> 00:26:53,230
for industry medicine the whole as well

390
00:26:58,680 --> 00:26:55,960
as the school technical institutions

391
00:27:02,220 --> 00:26:58,690
such as rice will reap the harvest of

392
00:27:05,670 --> 00:27:02,230
these games and finally the space effort

393
00:27:07,560 --> 00:27:05,680
itself while still in its infancy has

394
00:27:10,830 --> 00:27:07,570
already created a great number of new

395
00:27:14,580 --> 00:27:10,840
companies and tens and thousands of new

396
00:27:17,250 --> 00:27:14,590
jobs space and related industries are

397
00:27:21,060 --> 00:27:17,260
generating new demands in investment and

398
00:27:24,450 --> 00:27:21,070
skilled personnel and this city and this

399
00:27:26,940 --> 00:27:24,460
state and this region will share greatly

400
00:27:29,520 --> 00:27:26,950
in this growth what was once the

401
00:27:32,880 --> 00:27:29,530
furthest outpost on the old frontier of

402
00:27:35,690 --> 00:27:32,890
the West will be the furthest outpost on

403
00:27:41,100 --> 00:27:35,700
the new frontier of science and space

404
00:27:47,800 --> 00:27:44,500
your city of Houston with its manned

405
00:27:50,590 --> 00:27:47,810
spacecraft Center will become the heart

406
00:27:54,760 --> 00:27:50,600
of a large scientific and engineering

407
00:27:56,140 --> 00:27:54,770
community during the next five years the

408
00:27:58,990 --> 00:27:56,150
National Aeronautics and Space

409
00:28:01,000 --> 00:27:59,000
Administration expects to double the

410
00:28:04,150 --> 00:28:01,010
number of scientists and engineers in

411
00:28:06,520 --> 00:28:04,160
this area to increase its outlays for

412
00:28:09,490 --> 00:28:06,530
salaries and expenses to sixty million

413
00:28:11,740 --> 00:28:09,500
dollars a year to invest some 200

414
00:28:15,580 --> 00:28:11,750
million dollars in plan and laboratory

415
00:28:18,460 --> 00:28:15,590
facilities and to direct or contract for

416
00:28:22,000 --> 00:28:18,470
new space efforts over 1 billion dollars

417
00:28:24,670 --> 00:28:22,010
from this Center in this city to be sure

418
00:28:24,940 --> 00:28:24,680
all this costs us all a good deal of

419
00:28:28,630 --> 00:28:24,950
money

420
00:28:33,370 --> 00:28:28,640
this year's space budget is three times

421
00:28:35,260 --> 00:28:33,380
what it was in January 1961 and it is

422
00:28:38,050 --> 00:28:35,270
greater than the space budget of the

423
00:28:41,410 --> 00:28:38,060
previous eight years combined that

424
00:28:43,500 --> 00:28:41,420
budget now stands at five billion four

425
00:28:46,810 --> 00:28:43,510
hundred million dollars a year a

426
00:28:49,450 --> 00:28:46,820
staggering sum though somewhat less than

427
00:28:57,340 --> 00:28:49,460
we pay for cigarettes and cigars every

428
00:29:03,779 --> 00:29:00,310
these expenditures will soon rise some

429
00:29:07,270 --> 00:29:03,789
more from 40 cents per person for a week

430
00:29:09,840 --> 00:29:07,280
to more than 50 cents a week for every

431
00:29:12,789 --> 00:29:09,850
man woman and child in the United States

432
00:29:16,659 --> 00:29:12,799
for we have given this program a high

433
00:29:19,270 --> 00:29:16,669
national priority even though I realized

434
00:29:23,740 --> 00:29:19,280
that this is in some measure an act of

435
00:29:27,159 --> 00:29:23,750
faith and vision for we do not know what

436
00:29:30,130 --> 00:29:27,169
benefits await us but if I were to say

437
00:29:35,020 --> 00:29:30,140
my fellow citizens that we shall send to

438
00:29:38,110 --> 00:29:35,030
the moon 240,000 miles away from the

439
00:29:41,830 --> 00:29:38,120
control station in Houston a giant

440
00:29:44,529 --> 00:29:41,840
rocket more than 300 feet tall the

441
00:29:47,200 --> 00:29:44,539
length of this football field made of

442
00:29:50,440 --> 00:29:47,210
new metal alloys some of which have not

443
00:29:53,409 --> 00:29:50,450
yet been invented capable of standing

444
00:29:55,350 --> 00:29:53,419
heat and stresses several times more

445
00:29:58,029 --> 00:29:55,360
than have ever been experienced fitted

446
00:30:01,149 --> 00:29:58,039
together with a precision better than

447
00:30:03,010 --> 00:30:01,159
the finest watch carrying all the

448
00:30:06,789 --> 00:30:03,020
equipment needed for propulsion guidance

449
00:30:10,899 --> 00:30:06,799
control communications food and survival

450
00:30:14,320 --> 00:30:10,909
on an untried mission to an unknown

451
00:30:17,230 --> 00:30:14,330
celestial body and then return it safely

452
00:30:20,340 --> 00:30:17,240
to earth re-entering the atmosphere at

453
00:30:23,140 --> 00:30:20,350
speeds of over 25,000 miles per hour

454
00:30:25,510 --> 00:30:23,150
causing heat about half that on the

455
00:30:28,990 --> 00:30:25,520
temperature of the Sun almost as hot as

456
00:30:31,539 --> 00:30:29,000
it is here today and do all this and do

457
00:30:35,110 --> 00:30:31,549
all this and do it right and do it first

458
00:30:45,010 --> 00:30:35,120
before this decade is out then we must

459
00:30:50,830 --> 00:30:47,600
I'm the one who's doing all the work so

460
00:30:53,330 --> 00:30:50,840
we get much to stay cool for a minute

461
00:30:56,030 --> 00:30:53,340
however I think we're going to do it and

462
00:30:58,040 --> 00:30:56,040
I think that we must pay what needs to

463
00:30:59,660 --> 00:30:58,050
be paid I don't think we ought to waste

464
00:31:02,330 --> 00:30:59,670
any money but I think we ought to do the

465
00:31:05,780 --> 00:31:02,340
job and this will be done in the decade

466
00:31:08,360 --> 00:31:05,790
of the 60s um of you are still here at

467
00:31:10,460 --> 00:31:08,370
school at this college and university it

468
00:31:12,260 --> 00:31:10,470
will be done during the terms of office

469
00:31:14,840 --> 00:31:12,270
of some of the people who sit here on

470
00:31:16,520 --> 00:31:14,850
this platform but it will be done and it

471
00:31:18,680 --> 00:31:16,530
will be done before the end of this

472
00:31:20,720 --> 00:31:18,690
decade and I am delighted that this

473
00:31:23,690 --> 00:31:20,730
university is playing a part in putting

474
00:31:25,970 --> 00:31:23,700
a man on the moon as part of a great

475
00:31:33,919 --> 00:31:25,980
national effort of the United States of

476
00:31:39,690 --> 00:31:36,630
many years ago the Great British

477
00:31:43,590 --> 00:31:39,700
explorer George Mallory who was to die

478
00:31:45,990 --> 00:31:43,600
on Mount Everest was asked why did he

479
00:31:46,620 --> 00:31:46,000
want to climb it he said because it is

480
00:31:51,899 --> 00:31:46,630
there

481
00:31:53,970 --> 00:31:51,909
climb it and the moon and the planets

482
00:31:56,970 --> 00:31:53,980
are there and New Hope's for knowledge

483
00:32:00,659 --> 00:31:56,980
and peace are there and therefore as we

484
00:32:02,820 --> 00:32:00,669
set sail we ask God's blessing on the

485
00:32:05,519 --> 00:32:02,830
most hazardous and dangerous and

486
00:32:47,310 --> 00:32:05,529
greatest adventure on which man has ever

487
00:32:56,620 --> 00:32:54,360
please remain standing God of all space

488
00:33:00,490 --> 00:32:56,630
who has set the stars in their courses

489
00:33:04,570 --> 00:33:00,500
and who does also dwell in the human

490
00:33:07,750 --> 00:33:04,580
heart god of the lightyears infinite

491
00:33:11,519 --> 00:33:07,760
beyond infinity who does also give

492
00:33:15,100 --> 00:33:11,529
meaning to our brief years to D return

493
00:33:16,930 --> 00:33:15,110
for thy benediction we give thee thanks

494
00:33:20,019 --> 00:33:16,940
O God for the rights with which thou

495
00:33:22,389 --> 00:33:20,029
hast endowed us for the freedoms which

496
00:33:25,269 --> 00:33:22,399
Americans have secured and cherished and

497
00:33:27,340 --> 00:33:25,279
shared for the love of truth and the

498
00:33:30,580 --> 00:33:27,350
dreams of adventure which propel

499
00:33:32,470 --> 00:33:30,590
pioneers out into space we are grateful

500
00:33:35,139 --> 00:33:32,480
for the lofty vision of our president

501
00:33:38,409 --> 00:33:35,149
for the intelligence and the eloquence

502
00:33:41,139 --> 00:33:38,419
which give wings to his words guide and

503
00:33:43,389 --> 00:33:41,149
protect him o father and all who are

504
00:33:46,529 --> 00:33:43,399
entrusted with the destiny of this great

505
00:33:49,539 --> 00:33:46,539
nation may thy blessing rest upon us all

506
00:33:52,000 --> 00:33:49,549
bless us in our homes in our schools in

507
00:33:54,760 --> 00:33:52,010
our laboratories our farms our factories

508
00:33:57,399 --> 00:33:54,770
our space capsules prosper us in our

509
00:33:59,320 --> 00:33:57,409
cities and our states make our country a

510
00:34:03,870 --> 00:33:59,330
worthy leader of the free world and